Cramond report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cramond report - Coursework Example The plausible reason for this could be differential deposition by the varied compositions of the shore water. Point Estimate Upper CL Lower CL Salinity East Wednesday 32.4 32.9 31.9 Salinity West Wednesday 21 24.3 17.7 Salinity East Friday 32 33.9 31.1 Salinity West Friday 25.2 28.7 21.7 Based on the nature of sediments present a large number of varied species could be present on either side of the causeway. An analysis of the number of species growing at both the sites on each day was also done to further enhance the assessment. The east sand and west mud were analyzed for macrofauna and lugworms. Macrofauna comprise of the shallow water communities that live on or in sediment, or attached to hard substrates majorly living in marine, estuarine or freshwater environments. Annelid worms, bivalves, gastropods, crustaceans, tunicates, and insect larvae are some of the most commonly encountered macrofauna in estuarine and coastal areas. Lugworms are present as coiled castings on the beac h during low tides and are otherwise rarely seen as they dig into the sand. East Sand Wednesday West Mud Wednesday East Sand Friday West Mud Friday Shellfish - cockles 6 0 0 0 Shellfish - Macoma 0 33 30 11 Shellfish - winkles 0 6 0 1 Crustaceans - Corophium 17 41 0 244 Crustaceans - shrimps 2 20 0 1 Ragworms 21 29 21 56 Sandmason worms 0 0 26 0 Other polychaete worms 7 5 23 17 Amongst the macrofauna the species considered were Shellfish – cockles, Shellfish – Macoma, Shellfish – winkles, Crustaceans – Corophium, Crustaceans – shrimps, Ragworms, Sandmason worms and some other polychaete worms (data shown in table 2). Ragworms were the most uniformly present organisms on all days and in all salinity conditions indicating their non-specific nature of growth. Shellfish – cockles, Sandmason worms and Shellfish – winkles on the other hand had a very specific nature of abundance indicating their high sensitivity to even the slightest change in salinity conditions. Shellfish – cockles were less abundant (only 6 in number) and found only on the East Sand and that too only on Wednesday. Sandmason worms grew abundantly in the East sand on Friday only. Shellfish – winkles grew scarcely on West Mud on Wednesday and hardly grew on the West Mud on Friday with only 1 organism found that day. Shellfish – Macoma were found to grow on both the east sand and west mud and were dependant only on the salinity conditions present. They were able to grow on salinity estimates of up to 32 only. Crustaceans – Corophium was unable to tolerate high saline conditions and they grew on the east sand on Wednesday but died by the next day. However, their growth on the west mud was very favorable as they grew fairly well on Wednesday and their growth increased exponentially by the following day as they were found to reach a number of 244 from 41 the previous day. Other polychaete worms like the Ragworms grew on both the places in all days but their abundance was highest on the east sand on Friday. Lugworms were counted during as late as possible in the low tide period as they are otherwise very rarely found on the beach. Raw lugworm counts were scarce ranging from 0-5 only. Lugworms were present scarcely on the west mud on Wednesday but became nil by Friday probably due to change in salinity conditions. Similar pattern of abundance was seen on the east mud as

Sainsbury Supermarket Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sainsbury Supermarket - Case Study Example The 2008 outlook also reports that downside risk to the outlook seems more threatening that at the time of the September 2007 outlook. This is because oil price declines since last august and generally benign global financial conditions have helped to limit spillovers from the corrections in the US housing market and to contain inflation pressures. (IMF World Economic Outlook, 2008). Thus, multinational companies must rethink their global strategies, in the phase of foreign exchange rate and falling price of oil. The present circumstances make them victims of foreign exchange risk and exposures. Against this background, the purpose of this paper is three fold. The study first of all is aimed at carrying out an analysis of the impact of foreign exchange exposure on a United Kingdom UK based retail company-Sainsbury Supermarket. In the second part of the paper, the paper analysis the impact of capital investment appraisal tools on the activities of Sainsbury group. In the third part of the paper the paper asses the impact of share valuation on Sainsbury group. The last section of the paper presents conclusion and a brief recommendation to the company's management on how to go about getting the best from foreign currency exposures. Like macroeconomic analysis the analysis of the industry i... In the third part of the paper the paper asses the impact of share valuation on Sainsbury group. The last section of the paper presents conclusion and a brief recommendation to the company's management on how to go about getting the best from foreign currency exposures. 1.1 Brief Overview of Sainsbury Supermarket Like macroeconomic analysis the analysis of the industry is important because it enables the analysts to make abnormal profits arising from information asymmetry between the proper analyst and competitors who fail to carry out a proper analysis. Just as it is difficult for a firm to do well in a poor macroeconomic environment, so too is it difficult for a firm to perform well in a troubled industry. (Bodie et al, 2002). Similarly, as performance can vary across countries, so too does it vary across industries. (Bodie et al, 2002). According to the company, (2008) report, J Sainsbury plc is a United Kingdom-based food retailer with interests in financial services. The main activities of the company are in the groceries, related retailing and financial services. According to the corporate report, J Sainsbury plc consists of 504 supermarkets and 319 convenience stores and Sainsbury's bank. Sainsbury's Online is the Company's Internet-based home delivery shopping service, which operates from 97 stores. Bells Stores operates a chain of 54 convenience stores in north east England. Jackson's Stores operates a chain of 114 stores across Yorkshire and the North Midlands in the United Kingdom. Sainsbury's Bank, owned by J Sainsbury plc and HBOS plc group, offers a range of products, including savings and loan products. The Company's businesses are organised into two operating divisions: 1.2